THE IMPROVED OPHTHALMOSCOPE.

The Ophthalmoscope

The ophthalmoscope: Helmholtz's Augenspiegel.

The origins of Helmholtz's invention of the ophthalmoscope are found in the ancient observation that the back of the eye appeared black. In 1703, Jean Méry reported that the luminosity of the cat's eye could be seen when the animal was held under water, and Mariotte observed that a dog's eye was luminous but erroneously thought this was because its choroid was white. Prévost made a breakthrough...

De-warping of images and improved eye tracking for the scanning laser ophthalmoscope

A limitation of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is that eye movements during the capture of each frame distort the retinal image. Various sophisticated strategies have been devised to ensure that each acquired frame can be mapped quickly and accurately onto a chosen reference frame, but such methods are blind to distortions in the reference frame itself. Here we explore a method to address ...

Miniature binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.

The optical principles of indirect ophthalmoscopy were mastered by Gullstrand (I 9 I I) although his ophthalmoscope did not achieve wide popularity because of its complexity and limited field of view. Schepens (I947) demonstrated his binocular indirect ophthalmoscope 2I years ago in the United States of America. The instrument described here is a further stage in simplification (Figs I and 2). ...

The Arclight Ophthalmoscope: A Reliable Low-Cost Alternative to the Standard Direct Ophthalmoscope

Background. The Arclight ophthalmoscope is a low-cost alternative to standard direct ophthalmoscopes. This study compared the Arclight ophthalmoscope with the Heine K180 direct ophthalmoscope to evaluate its reliability in assessing the vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) and its ease of use (EOU). Methods. Eight medical students used both the Arclight and the Heine ophthalmoscopes to examine the op...